length Its tuning is A, c, e, a or A, c-sharp, e, a. Malm, William P. 1959. greatest width of plectrum Title: Satsuma Biwa () Date: ca. The Museum looks forward to receiving your comments. [14], Biwa usage in Japan has declined greatly since the Heian period. Chikuzen-biwa is another major type of biwa that is widely played today. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. In all biwa styles, except for Gaku-biwa (: please refer to the section Types of Biwa), fingers are positioned between the frets, not on the frets. It was in the late 20th century that this instrument started to be re-discovered and re-evaluated in various musical settings, such as soundtrack for movies and ensemble and orchestra music, culminating in Toru Takemitsus signature piece November Steps, which premiered in New York City in 1967. It is made out of wood, with a teardrop-shaped body and a long neck with four or five high frets, and is stringed with four or five silk strings that are plucked by a big pick called bachi. Japanese Music and Musical Instruments. Waribachi: This is a downward sweeping of the four strings, dividing the motion into two groups of two notes. Songs are not always metered, although more modern collaborations are metered. This instrument was also used many times as an accompanying instrument in larger ensembles. The biwa strings are plucked with large wooden pick called bachi (, The basic technique is to pluck down and up with the sharp corner. Written by Nobuko Fukatsu [2] Pear-shaped lutes have been depicted in Kusana sculptures from the 1st century AD. Yo-sen has 2 tones regarded as auxiliary tones. In the narrative traditions where the pipa is used as an accompaniment to narrative singing, there are the Suzhou tanci (), Sichuan qingyin (), and Northern quyi () genres. The flowers fluttered, and from Heaven the phoenix trilled, [1] An English translation was published in the Galpin Society Journal in 1961. During the Qing dynasty, scores for pipa were collected in Thirteen Pieces for Strings. Pieces in the Wu style are generally more rhythmic and faster, and often depict scenes of battles and are played in a vigorous fashion employing a variety of techniques and sound effects. [36][37] The Ming collection of supernatural tales Fengshen Yanyi tells the story of Pipa Jing, a pipa spirit, but ghost stories involving pipa existed as early as the Jin dynasty, for example in the 4th century collection of tales Soushen Ji.
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